Spoiler:
The firmware reads in a frame, compares it to the last one to see what changed, maps it with a massive switch statement, and sends the necessary codes through the keyboard library. The majority of the keycodes are just the character that the key corresponds to. Right now it's a rough proof of concept using the basic Arduino libraries but it seems to work great with no major quirks. Hopefully someone can build on it and port it to TMK/QMK but I didn't have it in me to figure out the registers and whatnot to enable serial.
Code, pinout, printable mount, and some more protocol info can be found here: https://github.com/jsheradin/ATT_3B1_KB_USB
Edit: I don't have the keyboard anymore to test but I believe it should be compatible with https://github.com/MMcM/qmk_firmware/tr ... convergent or a slightly modified version of it at least.