Xinput

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The name xinput can refer to any of:

X Window System Xinput
Xinput is an official extension to the X Window System for input devices with more advanced properties than typical keyboards and mice.
Later versions support graphics tablets (pressure, slant, etc.), touch screens (multitouch etc.) and multiple pointing devices used by multiple users at once.
Microsoft DirectX XInput
The XInput subsystem in Microsoft's DirectX framework is an API for Microsoft XBox' game controllers and successors with USB cord or Bluetooth for XBox 360 and XBox One.
The USB-corded game controllers use a Microsoft-proprietary protocol different to the standard USB HID protocol. The latter is often referred to as "DirectInput" for the DirectX API used for USB HID. XBox 360 uses encryption to allow only approved devices (from Microsoft or licensees) whereas Windows PCs allow also unlicensed devices.
Microsoft encourages use of XInput and its own controllers (and those of licensed third-parties) over DirectInput and standard USB HID controllers. Limited capabilities are available in the DirectInput API.
Many game controllers for the PC have a switch for selecting between "DirectInput" and "XInput". Bridging software to XInput from e.g. DirectInput and Playstation 3 controllers also exist.

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